Batteries Rechargeable (Secondary)
1. What are Rechargeable Batteries?
A rechargeable/secondary battery refers to a battery that can restore active substances through charging and realize reversible conversion of electrical energy and chemical energy, and can be reused hundreds to thousands of times. Its core difference from primary batteries (non-rechargeable) lies in the reversibility of internal chemical reactions.
2. What are the Core Features of Rechargeable Batteries?
Reversibility: Regenerate active substances through charging to achieve cyclic charging and discharging.
Economical: Long cycle life (hundreds to tens of thousands of times), long-term use cost is lower than primary batteries.
Environmental Protection: Reduce waste generation and meet the needs of sustainable development.
Diversified Voltage and Capacity: The nominal voltage ranges from 1.2V (such as nickel-metal hydride) to 48V (such as lead-acid battery packs) to meet the needs of different scenarios.
3. What are the Common Types of Rechargeable Batteries?
Lead-acid Battery: The nominal voltage is 2.0V, and it is used for transportation and energy storage systems, but the energy density is low and bulky.
Nickel-cadmium Battery: nominal voltage 1.2V, supports large current discharge, but has memory effect and contains heavy metal cadmium.
Nickel-metal Hydride Battery: nominal voltage 1.2V, high capacity and environmentally friendly, suitable for low-power electrical appliances.
Lithium-ion Battery: high energy density, no memory effect, widely used in consumer electronics and new energy vehicles.
Polymer lithium-ion Battery: improved safety and shape flexibility, used in high-end portable devices.
4. Where are Rechargeable Batteries Used?
Energy Storage System: such as solar energy storage and grid peak regulation (lead acid, lithium-ion battery).
Transportation: electric vehicles, electric bicycles (lithium-ion, lead acid batteries).
Portable Devices: mobile phones, laptops (lithium-ion, polymer batteries).
Emergency Power Supply: UPS, emergency lighting (lead acid, nickel-metal hydride batteries).
5. What are the Technical Parameters of Rechargeable Batteries?
Cycle Life: the number of charge and discharge times when the capacity decays to 80% of the initial value.
Self-discharge Rate: The rate at which the battery loses power when it is stationary, affecting long-term storage performance.
Energy Density: The amount of power stored per unit volume/mass, which determines the endurance of the device.
6. What is the Industry Development Trend of Rechargeable Batteries?
With the development of new energy technologies, lithium-ion batteries have become the mainstream choice due to their high energy density and long life;
New secondary battery technologies such as solid-state batteries and sodium-ion batteries are also being developed at an accelerated pace.