Battery Chargers
1. What are Battery Chargers?
Definition: A battery charger is an electronic device for rechargeable batteries such as electric vehicles, power tools, laptops, digital devices, etc. Its core function is to convert electrical energy into a form suitable for battery storage.
Composition: It is generally composed of a housing, a power conversion module, a charging detection circuit and a charging protection module, and the output type is pure DC or pulsating DC.
2. What are the Types of Battery Chargers?
1) By Connection Method:
Wall plug (directly plugged into a power socket);
Desktop-type (need to be connected to the power supply via a cable).
2) By Battery Type:
Ni-Cd/Ni-MH battery charger;
Lead-acid battery charger;
Lithium battery charger (including lithium iron phosphate).
3. How do Battery Chargers Work?
Charging Process:
Convert alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC), and dynamically adjust the voltage and current according to the battery status;
Typical lithium battery charging is divided into four stages: trickle charging → constant current charging → constant voltage charging → charging cutoff.
Intelligent Control:
Charging current setting, thermal protection, and reverse connection protection are realized through power management IC (such as TP4054);
Chargers supporting USB-C interface must comply with BC1.2 specification and be compatible with different charging port types (such as SDP, CDP, and DCP).
4. Technical Specifications and Standards of Battery Chargers
USB Charging Specification: The charger is required to provide a maximum current of 1.5A when not configured, and the charging port type is clearly distinguished;
Voltage Regulation Requirements: The output voltage must be stable, and some scenarios require the integration of LDO (low-dropout linear regulator).
5. Regulations and Certifications of Battery Chargers
EU Regulations:
The "Universal Charger Directive" will be implemented in 2025, forcing the unification of USB-C interfaces and allowing consumers to choose products without chargers;
Charger compatibility icons and energy efficiency information must be marked.
US Certification:
Battery charger products must pass DOE certification, covering small devices such as Bluetooth headsets and mobile phones.
6. What are the Application and Development Trends of Battery Chargers?
Wireless Charging Technology: It realizes contactless charging through the principle of electromagnetic induction, and needs to distinguish the technical path from wired chargers;
Green and Environmental Protection: EU regulations promote the reduction of electronic waste and encourage the standardization and modular design of chargers.